产科医护患一体化服务模式在促进优质护理服务中的应用

目的：探讨产科医护患一体化服务模式在促进优质护理服务中的应用。方法以2014年6~7月132例初产妇作为对照组,实施传统的片段式产科医疗护理模式;以2015年3~4月136例初产妇作为研究组,实施医护患一体化服务模式。比较实施前后初产妇对医疗护理工作满意度及医生对护理工作满意度、护士自身满意度,并对初产妇体质量控制、自然分娩、社会因素剖宫产、母乳喂养进行比较。结果实施医护患一体化服务模式后,初产妇与医护的满意度都较实施前有明显提高( P<0.01);实施医护患一体化服务模式后,有效降低孕期体质量异常与社会因素剖宫产发生率,对提高自然分娩率及母乳喂养率有明显作用( P<0.01)。结论产科实施医护患一体化服务模式可改善护理服务现状,提高了医护患满意度。     

Utility of the Community Integration Questionnaire in a sample of adults with neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders receiving prevocational training

Purpose: To investigate utility of the Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ) in a mixed sample of adults with neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Method: Cross-sectional, interview-based study. Participants were community-dwelling adults with disabilities resulting from neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders (N?=?54), who participated in a pre-vocational readiness and social skills training program. Psychometric properties of the Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ) were assessed and validated against Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory (MPAI) and The Problem Checklist from the New York University Head Injury Family Interview (PCL). Results: Based on the revised scoring procedures, psychometric properties of the CIQ Home Competency scale were excellent, followed by the Total score and Social Integration scale. Productive Activity scale had low content validity and a weak association with the total score. Convergent and discriminant validity of the CIQ were demonstrated by correlation patterns with MPAI scales in the expected direction. Significant relationship was found with PCL Physical/Dependency scale. Significant associations were found with sex, living status, and record of subsequent employment. Conclusions: The results provide support for the use of the CIQ as a measure of participation in individuals with neurological and neuropsychiatric diagnoses and resulting disabilities.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• An important goal of rehabilitation and training programs for individuals with dysfunction of the central nervous system is to promote their participation in social, vocational, and domestic activities.

• The Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ) is a brief and efficient instrument for measuring these participation domains.

• This study demonstrated good psychometric properties and high utility of the CIQ in a sample of 54 individuals participating in a prevocational training program.

     

Development and Assessment of a Horizontally Integrated Biological Sciences Course Sequence for Pharmacy Education

Objective. To design and assess a horizontally integrated biological sciences course sequence and to determine its effectiveness in imparting the foundational science knowledge necessary to successfully progress through the pharmacy school curriculum and produce competent pharmacy school graduates.Design. A 2-semester course sequence integrated principles from several basic science disciplines: biochemistry, molecular biology, cellular biology, anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology. Each is a 5-credit course taught 5 days per week, with 50-minute class periods.Assessment. Achievement of outcomes was determined with course examinations, student lecture, and an annual skills mastery assessment. The North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination (NAPLEX) results were used as an indicator of competency to practice pharmacy.Conclusion. Students achieved course objectives and program level outcomes. The biological sciences integrated course sequence was successful in providing students with foundational basic science knowledge required to progress through the pharmacy program and to pass the NAPLEX. The percentage of the school’s students who passed the NAPLEX was not statistically different from the national percentage.     

中国临床药学研究生教育的现状分析与展望

目的 探讨和分析我国临床药学研究生教育现状,促进提高临床药学研究生教育水平和质量。 方法 通过网络检索文献,调查我国临床药学教育现状,分析评价临床药学教育模式和发展趋势。 结果 纳入分析的文献136篇,涉及现状分析、模式探讨、国内外比较和课程优化的文献70篇(51.47%)。分析表明目前临床药学研究生教育主要有专业学位和科学学位2种培养模式,但在课程设置和教学方法方面尚未形成较为成熟的教育模式。主要问题是:课程设置不合理、临床实践学时不足、教学内容与临床需求脱节。 结论 我国现行临床药学研究生教育尚不能达到研究生培养目标,也难以满足临床药学对研究生人才的需要。建议在临床药学研究生的培养过程中要注重理论联系实际,突出医药融会贯通,优化教学内容和方法,规范教学质量标准。     

安徽省卫生服务体系整合结构和有效性研究——以马鞍山市、肥西县和肥东县为例

目的:通过对安徽省三县市卫生服务体系整合结构和有效性的研究,为促进卫生服务体系整合提供政策建议。方法:采用典型抽样,对安徽省马鞍山市、肥西县和肥东县卫生服务体系进行案例分析。数据主要来源于机构调查问卷、医生和患者调查问卷和机构关键知情人访谈。定量和定性数据分析相结合,采用社会网络分析方法分析体系整合结构和有效性。结果:马鞍山市卫生服务体系结构的整合度最高,其次是肥西县,肥东县最低。体系有效性与结构整合程度一致。三县市的卫生服务体系在整合方面均存在优势和不足。结论:卫生服务体系整合效果是各体系内外环境综合作用的产物。马鞍山市的市立医疗集团改革和肥西县的县乡医联体改革在整合卫生服务体系结构的同时对卫生服务体系的有效性产生了积极影响。     

A Response to Odland et al.’s Misleading,Alarmist Estimates of Risk for Overpathologizing when Interpreting the MMPI-2-RF

In a recently published article in this journal, Odland, Lammy, Perle, Martin, and Grote report Monte Carlo-simulated normative base rates of scale elevations on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF). Their primary conclusion—reflected in the title of their article—is that MMPI-2-RF interpretation is associated with “high risk of pathologizing healthy adults” when the 40 substantive scales of the test are simultaneously interpreted. In this paper, we describe how their conclusion follows from several faulty premises, three of which were already debunked in an earlier article and remain false despite counterarguments proposed by Odland and colleagues. We also address these authors’ misinterpretation of their analyses and, furthermore, their premise that MMPI-2-RF interpretive guidelines are flawed because they “currently do not account for a basic statistical principle: Type I (or alpha) error inflation” (p. 1). This premise is irrelevant to psychological test interpretation and misaligned with neuropsychological testing literature cited in support of it. Consistent with suggestions by some of the authors they cite, we reiterate MMPI-2-RF interpretive guidelines designed to mitigate the impact of measurement error (not alpha error) by way of a scientific assessment approach that relies on integration of information derived from multiple sources.     

高职院校食品安全检测课程教学实践改革探索

食品安全检测课程的教学改革具有重要意义,在教学中既要强化学生的食品安全意识和社会责任感,也要培养学生与社会需求对接的实际操作能力.食品安全检测课程的教学改革主要采取将理论教学与实验教学相结合的手段,改革以学校和课堂为中心的传统人才培养模式,设计与实施各实践教学环节,实施理实一体化的教学方式.以高职医学院校食品安全检测实践课程为探索对象,以职业能力培养为重点,阐述食品安全检测课程对实践教学及过程进行控制,减少教学过程中教与学的随机性,极大提升学生的学习和研究兴趣.     

“教学做”一体化模式在康复治疗技术专业中的教学实践与成效评估

目的 探讨“教学做”一体化教学模式在康复治疗技术专业中的教学效果及实践成效。方法 以2012级康复专业学生共71人作为实验组,针对康复专业基础课和康复专业课中的八门主干课程实施“教学做”一体化教学模式;以2010级康复专业学生共88人作为对照组,采用传统以讲授为主的教学模式。将两组学生主干课程考核成绩、实习期综合实践能力调研反馈信息进行统计学分析。结果 实验组康复生主干课程测试成绩均高于对照组(P<0.05);综合实践能力反馈结果显示实验组与对照组学生在主动服务意识、沟通交流能力、专业技术技能、应急应变能力等方面有显著差异(P<0.05)结论“教学做”一体化教学模式突显学生学习的主体性,提高知识及技能的“迁移”能力,适时培养学生的创新意识,实现以适应岗位需求为目标的课程教学模式成效显著。